――对主谓一致的讲解
“主谓一致”是指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”等方面的一致关系。这种一致关系常常为三种不同的原则所支配，即语法一致原则（Grammatical Concord），意义一致原则（Notional Concord）和就近一致原则（Principle of Proximity）。
一、语法一致原则
主语和谓语动词之间的一致关系主要表现在“数”的形式上，即作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致。如果中心词是复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果中心词是单数或不可数名词，谓语动词则用单数。这种一致关系叫做“语法一致”。例如：
The number of errors was surprising．
Those girls are standing on the corner．
Much effort is wasted．
二、意义一致原则
有时，主语和谓语动词的关系并非取决于语法上的单、复数形式，而是取决于主语的单、复数意义。例如，有时主语形式虽为单数，但为复数意义，随后的谓语动词应用复数形式。这类词常见的有：people，police，cattle， militia，folk，youth，personnel等。有时主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，其后的谓语动词就需用单数形式。如：news，physics等。这种一致关系叫做“意义一致”。例如：
The militia help to control the crowd．
The cattle are grazing in the field．
The news we heard just now was exciting．
三、就近一致原则
有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语的单、复数形式。这种一致原则叫做“就近一致原则”。如用or，either．．．or， neither．．．nor，not only．．．but also．．．等连接词连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词则与它靠近的主语保持一致。例如：
Either my father or my brothers are coming．
Not only the switches but also the wiring has been changed．
上述三种原则在实际运用中，常常受到习惯用法和不同语体、语域的制约。下面就介绍一下在四级考试中主谓一致的考点，尤其是那些特殊的主谓一致的用法。
四、主谓一致在大学英语四级考试中的考点
1．谓语动词用单数形式的考点：
1）表示时间、距离、重量、衡量、度量、金钱、数目等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
Four weeks isn't long enough for me to finish my summer homework．
Ten thousand dollars is not a small sum for you．
2）主语为“many a ＋单数名词”或“more than one ＋单数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Many a person is waiting outside．
More than one question was put forward by them．
3）主语后面跟有no less than，with，along with，together with，accompanied by，as well as， rather than，including，besides，in addition to， except等时，谓语动词形式取决于主语本身的形式。例如：
Some of the workers，as well as the manager，were responsible for the loss．
Man，no less than the lower forms of life，is the product of the evolutionary process．
Mr．White，together with his students，was hurt in the accident．
No one except the two girls was late for the meeting．
4）以-s或-es结尾用以表示学科、疾病或游戏等的名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用单数形式。例如：
Physics is a difficult subject for me to grasp．
Rabies is a kind of infectious disease．
2．谓语动词用复数形式的考点：
1）某些集体名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。见前面的“意义一致原则”。
2）“the ＋形容词”表示一类人作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。例如：
Do the dead ever come back to life？
The young are well taken after in our community．
3）以-ings结尾的名词作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。例如：
The findings of the research are surprising and unexpected．
His savings were deposited in the bank．
4）“more than ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。例如：
M ore than 400athletes have entered the games．
M ore teachers than one have been promoted to professors．
3．特殊原则及规律：
1）主谓倒装句中谓语动词应与其后紧跟的主语单复数保持一致。例如：
Here is the basketball．
There are your guests．
2）由who，which，that等引导的定语从句中，谓语动词应与主句中的先行词的单复数形式保持一致。例如：
You are the only one that knows where to go．
Jane is one of the girls who are considerate and helpful．
I，who am your friend，will do my best to help you when you are in trouble．
3）以and连接的两个并列主语表示同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
Brown bread and butter is usually eaten with smoked salmon．
A horse and cart was seen in the distance．
War and peace is a constant theme in history．
