有人说,学习是件苦差事,复习则更是让人不胜其烦。果真如此吗?请同学们点击本刊专为初三朋友们精心策划的"上网、查缺、经典重温"三不误节目,谈笑间,把知识留住,将烦恼消除,不亦乐乎?
主持人:大家好!欢迎点击"复习快乐有约"!欲结识身手不凡。以少胜多的"特种部队"吗。!请登录--
一、合成词汇展厅
合成词,又名复合词,因由两词(或多词)合并成一词(词与词之间也可以有连字符)而得名;其中合成名词是标准的大家庭,其次是合成形容词,合成介词、副词、数词等也"人才辈出"。
A. 合成名词网页grandchildren / parent(s), afternoon, volleyball, washroom, policeman/woman, keyboard, goodbye, wardrobe, pencilbox, postman, breakfast, etc.
B. 合成形容词网页 English-speaking, Chinese-English, etc.
C. 其它合成词网页 something, everybody, sometimes, twenty-first, yourself, etc.
主持人:春天到,杨柳青青数枝发--英语中也有不少"词干"通过加前缀或后缀,"长出"串串"派生词"!请瞧好了--
二、派生词小观园
所谓派生词,就是由词根加前缀或后缀重组而成:如like(像)-unlike(不像) [加前缀,一般不导致词类(性)转变,而只是引起意义上的变化,故有加前缀便可能构成反义词之说];near(adj.)-nearly(adv.)[加后缀,意义变化不大,只改变了词类(性)];其中以名词?形容词的后缀最多,加上副词?数词的后缀合称四大常见(名)后缀?
A. 后缀主页 其中以名词(像-ness,-tion,-ian,-ure,-ing 等)?形容词的后缀(像-ful,-ed,-less,-able等)居多;与副词(-ly)?数词(像-teen,-ty,-th 等)的后缀合称"四大名缀"。
a. 名词后缀网页 good-goodness; play-player; America-American; build-building; please-pleasure; different-difference; etc.
b. 形容词后缀网页 friend-friendly; England-English; close-closed; etc.
c. 副词?数词等后缀网页 certain-certainly; eight-eighteen-eighty-eighteenth; etc.
B. 前缀主页 like-dislike; happy-unhappy; etc.
主持人:词汇大家族里还有不少 "双重身份"者:它们既服役于此词类,一转身又去另一方面军效劳,人称"转化词或兼类词"。眼见为实,一起去看看--
三、转化词全家福
A. 动词--名词方队
water 浇水/水,break 打破/休息,go 去/试,watch 观看/手表,boat 划船/船,cook 煮饭/厨师, etc.
注:look,talk,rest,swim,try,read等动词常用于have/take a...结构中作名词。
B. 动词--形容词方队open 开/开着的,clean 擦洗/干净的, etc.
C.名词--形容词方队
light 灯/轻的。淡的(颜色), orange 桔子?桔红色/桔红色的, Chinese 中国人/汉语。中国的, etc.
D.其它转化词方队dear 亲爱的/昂贵的,like 喜欢/像, etc.
注:多数词仅词性变化, 如:work v. &n. 工作,yellow adj. &n. 黄色(的),thank v. &n. 感谢,that pron. &adj. 那(个), etc.
四、体验性自测题:
做罢下列三种"体验性自测题", 相信大家定能从构词法的特点中获益多多, 并积极运用于平时的知识识记中!
⒈形同意不同:仔细观察转化词转化前后的区别。
(1) a. He is strong enough to lift the heavy box. (v. )
b. He often uses a lift to go up and down. (n. )
(2) a. How kind you are!(adj. )
b. This kind of cakes tastes so nice. (n. )
(3) a. Isn't a ball round? (adj. )
b. The earth goes round the sun. (adv. )
(4) a. My father is a good cook. (n. )
b. My father likes to cook himself today. (v. )
⒉变变变:请看派生构词法如何让个个平时熟悉的单词"身随境变"。
(1) How________(interest)!He is________(interest) in________(play) football too.
(2) You are too________(care). How can you leave the two babies all by________(they).
(3) The three________(America) are very________(happy) because the loud noise woke them up from time to time.
(4) July is the________(seven) month of the year, and it's also the________(hot)one in China.
参考答案：
⒈(1)a. 举起 b. 电梯 (2)a. 和气, 好心的 b. 种类 (3)a. 圆的 b. 围绕 (4)a. 厨师 b. 煮饭、炒菜
⒉(1)interesting, interested, playing (2)careless, themselves (3)Americans, unhappy (4)seventh, hottest
