●首页 加入收藏 网站地图 热点专题 网站搜索 [RSS订阅] [WAP访问]  
语言选择:
英语联盟 | www.enun.cn
英语学习 | 英语阅读 | 英语写作 | 英语听力 | 英语语法 | 综合口语 | 考试大全 | 英语四六 | 英语课堂 | 广播英语 | 行业英语 | 出国留学
品牌英语 | 实用英语 | 英文歌曲 | 影视英语 | 幽默笑话 | 英语游戏 | 儿童英语 | 英语翻译 | 英语讲演 | 求职简历 | 奥运英语 | 英文祝福
背景:#EDF0F5 #FAFBE6 #FFF2E2 #FDE6E0 #F3FFE1 #DAFAF3 #EAEAEF 默认  
阅读内容

状语从句讲解(2)

[日期:2007-04-29]   [字体: ]


    十一、when 从句的理解和翻译

    when引导的状语从句除了表示时间外(常译作“当……时”),还可以表示许多别的意思,译法也是很灵活的。

  1.when 从句表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。有时这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动,或制止了即将发生的情况。注意主句常用进行时、完成时或“be about + inf.”之类。例如:

  I was wondering through the street when it began to rain. 我正在街上漫步时,突然下起雨来。

  He was about to strike the tree with the axe when he heard someone crying : “Please don't hurt the tree.”  他正要拿斧头砍树突然听到有人喊:“请不要砍这树”。

    I had just started back for the house to change my clothes__________I heard voices.

     A) as    B) when   C) after    D) whole

    (B4,1997.6,B对。)我正要回家去换衣服,忽然听到一些声响。

  I had nearly reached the town ,when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, “Do you speak English” 快到达城镇时,那个年青人突然慢慢地说:你会说英语吗?”

  The plane had been planting seeds for nearly a month when it began to rain.飞机播种了将近一个月才开始下雨。

  The government__________to approve the use of wide-spread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.

     A) is going B) had been C) was about  D) is coming

    (TOEFL,96.2, C对。)

    On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont__________I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading “Boston”.

    A) which  B) where  C) when  D) that

    (2000年考研,第5题,C对。)有一天下着雨,我经佛蒙特州向北行驶,忽然我注意到一个年轻人举着牌子,上面写着“波士顿”。 

  在一般复合句里,句子的语义重心在主句,从句表示的内容处于陪衬的地位;而在含有when 从句的这类句子里,句子的语义重心在when 从句,而主句表示的内容反而处于从属的地位,难怪有些语法家把它们划入并列句。翻译时应把这层意思译出来。

  2.表示原因,相当于since, considering that,例:

  It's very difficult for older people to give proper guidance when they have no experience of being young today. 老年人因为没有今天的年青人的经历,要他们作出正确的指导是很困难的。

  I am not to tell him about the truth when he won't listen.既然他不愿意听,我就不把事情的真相告诉他了。 

  3.表示条件,相当于if, 例:

  It's safer and more comfortable when we each pay for ourselves . 如果我们各自付费,那就安全得多, 也舒服得多。

  It's very hard for us to realize you are an adult when you throw all your clothes on the floor. 如果你总是把衣服扔到地上,我们很难想象你已经长大。

  4.表示对比。这一用法与while 相似:

  The British don't drink at dinner when most other people do. 英国人吃饭时不喝酒,而别的许多国家的人是喝的。

  He finished writing the book in one year when we thought it would take him at least two years to do that. 他一年就把书写出来了,而我们原来以为至少要两年。

  这种对比,有时还暗示主句行为的不合理:

  How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell lies  你自己还撒谎,怎可能要求你的孩子诚实呢?

  How can I sit here doing nothing when my wife is working hard   妻子在工作,我怎能在这里无所事事?

  5.表示让步,相当于although:

  She stopping trying ,when she might have succeeded next time. 她不再试下去了,尽管再试一次,她本来会成功的。

  They sometimes expect gratitude when they are not entitled to it . 他们虽然没有接受感谢的资格,有时候却期待着别人的感谢。

  (本节曾发表于《英语辅导报》大二版1998-1999学年第5期)

    十二、before从句的理解和翻译

  作连词用的before,其基本含义是:

  1. 在……之前 (earlier than the time when), 常常译作“在……之前”,例:

  You are expected to be sitting on your seat before the play begins.  请在话剧开演之前在自己的座位上坐好。

  但在 A  before B 的句式中,A表示时间,B表示行动,如果硬译为“A发生在 B 之前”便很不合汉语习惯,译成“ A之后才发生 B ”就比较得体。例如:

  A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time__________the guards discovered what had happened.

    A) before   B) until  C) since  D) when

    (93年6月大学英语四级考试第50题,A对。)  昨晚上监狱里逃走了一个人,很久以后警卫才发现出了事。

  Scientists say it may be five  or ten years__________it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

    A) since  B) before   C) after  D) when

    (95年6月大学英语四级考试第54题,B对。) 科学家们说5到10年之后才有可能将这种药在病人身上做试验。

  Ten years passed before we met each other again. 十年后我们才重逢。

  有时候before从句表示的事情实际上并没有发生,译成“以免……”、“没有来得及…… 就”便十分妥贴:

  They decided to chase the cow away__________ it did more damage.

    A) unless   B) until  C) before   D) although

    (90年1月大学英语四级考试第44题,C对。) 他们决定赶走这头牛,以免它造成更大的损失。

  Before we could stop her, she rushed out . 我们还来不及拦住她,她已经冲了出去。

  Before I could say a single word, my father began to criticize me . 我还来不及说一句话,父亲就开始批评我了。

  主句有barely, hardly等否定词时,译成“刚……就……”

  We had barely sat down before he got to his feet.我们刚坐下她就站了起来。

  They had scarcely left for the station before it began to rain. 他们刚离家去车站雨就下起来了。

  在A before B中,如果句子在于强调“先有A, 然后有B”,则可译成“先……然后”、“先……再”:
One must sow before one can reap.  先有播种然后有收获。

  Look before you leap.先观察而后行动。(三思而后行。)

  Managers want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek for more and more information .  经理们首先要掌握所有必须知道的事实,然后才能作出最佳决定;这样,他们寻求更多的信息就是很自然的了。

  2.更愿意(more willingly than), 宁愿……而不愿……(rather than)

  The soldiers would die before they gave in.  战士们宁死也不屈服。

  Father told the children that he would die of hunger before he would steal. 父亲告诉孩子们他就是饿死也不会去偷。

    十三、 as 从句的理解和翻译

    1.as可以引导一个时间状语从句。主句和从句表示的两个动作同时发生,意为“一边……一边……”、“随着……”。主句和从句都用一般时态;或主句用一般时态,从句用进行时态;或主句用进行时态,从句用一般时态。例如:

    As I drove, I counted my passengers.我一边开车,一边数我的旅客。

  As time went on, Einstain's theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。

    __________the day went on, the weather got worse.

    A) With  B) Since  C) While  D) As

    (1990年高考试题,答案是D。) 日子一天天过去,天气更坏了。

  Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.  他正在讲话,突然一声爆炸声响了。

  He saw that she was smiling as she read. 他看见她一边读书一边笑.

  2. 引导一个原因状语从句, 意为“因为”、“既然”:

  We had better hurry__________it is getting dark.

    A) and    B) but   C) as   D) unless

    (1984年高考试题,C对。)天色越来越暗了,我们还是赶快吧。

    As the dust men are not going back to work yet ,bags of rubbish have been piled in the street. 因为清洁工人不打算回去工作,垃圾已经一袋袋地堆在街上了。

  As you make your bed, so you must lie on it. (proverb)  自作自受。

  As there were not enough life-boats for every body, 1500 lives lost.  由于没有足够的救生艇运载所有的乘客,死难者多达一千五百人。

  3.引导方式状语从句,表示“像……一样”。有时候,从句中的某些部分省略了:

  Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as sugars are . 脂肪像糖一样,也是由碳、氢、氧原子构成的。

  The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses does not change much if people leave things as they are . 如果人们听其自然,鹿、美洲狮和野玫瑰的数量不会有太大的变化。

  The word “write”has the same pronunciation__________the word “right”.

    A) of   B) as  C) to   D) from

    (1984年高考试题,答案是B。) write 的发音与right 的发音相同。

  American will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it__________before the West was settled.

    A) could   B) was    C) would   D) did

  ( B4,1990.9 , D对。) 作为一个国家来说,美国将不再具有开拓西部前所具有的那种冒险精神。(空格中应填入as引导的方式状语从句的谓语,从意义上来看,应是had;为避免重复,用did。)

    The event is no longer celebrated in England as it was in Shake-speare's time. 现在英国已经不象莎士比亚时期那样庆祝这一事件了。

  If I'd lived in the sixteenth century , I couldn't have earned my own living , as I do today. 如果我生活在十六世纪,我就不可能象今天那样谋生。

  He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling the room not by his physical dominance, (as did Mao or De Gaulle), but by his air of controlled tension.他举止娴雅庄重,他使举座注目的不是魁梧的身躯(毛泽东和戴高乐却是那样),  而是他那外驰内张的神情。

    4.引导让步状语从句。注意as 引导的状语从句要用倒装语序,有时可置于句子中间或后部。常见的句式有:

  A.  形容词/名词+as+主语+联系动词

    __________,he didn't study well.

    A) As he is clever   B) He is as clever

    C) Clever as he is   D) As clever he is

    (1985年高考试题,C 对。)他虽然聪明,学习成绩却不好。

    Unlikely as it sounds, what I'm telling you is true.  不管这事听起来多么不可能,我告诉你的话却是真的。

  Child as he is, he often swims in the cold winter. 他虽然是个小孩,却经常在寒冬里游泳。

  B.  主动词+as+主语+情态动词/助动词

  Try as you may, you will not win the game. 你尽可一试,但这场比赛你是不会赢的。

  Fail as I did, I learned a lot. 虽然我失败了,但却学到了许多东西。

  Try as he would Andrew would not get Christine out of his mind. 虽然安德鲁尽量不去想她,他却无法把克鲁斯汀从心中抹掉。

  There was not a soul to be found in the house, search as they would.他们尽管搜查好了,他们不会在房子里找得到人的。

  C.  状语+as+主语+动词

  Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man.作为一个作家,我钦佩他;但作为一个男子汉,我却不喜欢他。

  He was unable to make much proGREss ,hard as he tried.虽然他尽了力,却无法取得很大进步。

  5.引导比较状语从句。一般以as...as形式出现,表示两者的等同;从句中有些成份常常不出现:

  Some of the states are as big as France and England put together . 有些州相当于法国和英国加起来那么大。

  The population of our country is five times as large as that of yours. 我们国家的人口是你们国家的五倍。

  She doesn't speak__________her friend, but her written work is excellent.

    A) as well as    B) so often as 

    C) so much as    D) as good as

    (1995年高考试题,答案是A。) 她说话没有她朋友在行,但她的笔头却非常出色。

  The horse is getting old and can't run__________it did .

    A) as faster as B) so often as  C) so faster as D) as fast as 

  (1988年高考试题,D对。) 这马老了,没有过去跑得快。

  有时还把一个人(或事物)的两种特征,或一个人的一种特征与另一种特征进行比较,表示它们的程度一样;由于一种特征是明显的,因而就突出了另一种特征。这是一种活泼的、表现力丰富的说法。例:

  He was as impatient as he was stubborn. 他很急躁,这正如他固执一样。

  He was as sensitive as he was obstinate.  他固执是固执,可也神经过敏。

  We were as happy as we were poor, or as poor as we were happy. 我们穷是穷,却很快活;我们快活是快活,却还是穷。

  One is as light as the other is heavy. 一个轻而另一个重。

   免责声明:本站信息仅供参考,版权和著作权归原作者所有! 如果您(作者)发现侵犯您的权益,请与我们联系:QQ-50662607,本站将立即删除!
 
阅读:

推荐 】 【 打印
相关新闻      
本文评论       全部评论
发表评论

点评: 字数
姓名:
内容查询

热门专题
 图片新闻