写作与句子的分类讲解（2）

　　2.根据结构来分:

　　(1)简单句(Simple Sentence):只有一个主语和谓语的独立分句并能表达完整的意思。简短的简单句通常用于强调,提出主要的观点。结论或重要的事实。有时也用来描写快捷的动作或传递激动兴奋的感情。

　　简单句的分类:从说话或写作的人对所说或写的句子抱什么态度来看,简单句又分为陈述句。疑问句。祈使句。感叹句四种。

　　(2)并列句(Compound Sentence):由两个或更多并列而又相互独立的句子组成。从意义上说,这些分句是同等重要的;从结构上看,它们平行并列,相互之间没有从属的关系。并列句的各个分句通常用并列连词或副词连接起来。例如:

　　I do not talk much, but I think a lot.

　　Something went wrong with my bike this afternoon, so I walked home.

　　(3)复合句(Complex Sentence):构成句子的各分句间不是一种并列关系而是一种主从关系,即一个句子中分主句和从句,这样的结果便构成复合句。主句为句子的主体;从句只是整个句子的一个部分,尽管它也有主语和动词等主要句子成分,但不能在意义上独立成为一个句子。从句的种类有如下几种:

　　名词从句:从句在主句中起相当于名词的作用。根据它在句子中所起的作用又可分为:

　　主语从句:That the earth moves around the sun is known to us all.

　　表语从句:That is why he is late.

　　宾语从句:We firmly believe that he will succeed in the end.

　　副词从句:从句在句子中修饰动词。形容词或副词时,相当于副词所起的作用,也称状语从句。这种从句根据它的意义的不同选用不同的连词,大体上可分为表示时间。地点。原因。条件。让步。结果。目的。比较。方式等类:

　　表示时间的状语从句通常用when, while, after, before, since, until, as, as soon as等引导,如:
When the field is ready, the farmer will sow the wheat.

It will be a long time before we finish the task.

　　表示原因的状语从句通常用because, as, since, now that引导,如:

　　He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill.

　　Now that everything is ready, let's begin our party.

　　表示地点的状语从句通常用where, wherever引导,如:

　　Where there is heat, there is motion.

　　We will go wherever we are needed most by the Party.

　　表示条件的状语从句一般用if,supposing,provided,unless,as long as等引导,如:

　　If the wind drops, we'll go skating.

　　We are safe as long as we are in his care.

　　表示让步的状语从句通常用although, though ,even if, whatever, however等连词引导,如:

　　Although he was ill, he persevered with his experiment.

　　However GREat a person is, he should be modest.

　　表示结果或程度的状语从句常常与so, such连用,而从句本身多用that引导,如:It was so dark that we could see nothing in front of us.(表示程度)

　　She was worried so that she could not go to sleep.(表示结果)

　　表示目的的状语从句通常用so that, that, in order that等连词引导,从句中多用might, may(有时也用can)等情态动词,意思与前一类表示结果或程度的状语从句不同。

　　表示比较的状语从句通常用连词than或as...as, not as(so)...as, as though, as if引导,如:
The work is not as easy as I thought.

　　表示方式或状态的状语从句用as来引导,表达"如同"。"按照"等意思,如:

　　He does as the doctor advises.

　　形容词从句修饰主句中的某个名词或代词时,起着相当于形容词的作用,也叫定语从句,一般由关系代词和关系副词引导:

　　用关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which ,如:

　　Tom is the student whose English is the best in our class.

　　The scientist whom you want to see is coming.

　　用关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词有when, where, why,如:

　　Sunday is the time when I am the least busy.

　　Is this the school where you taught。

　　I do not know the reason why she cried.

　　(4)并列复合句(Compound-complex Sentence):由两个或更多的主句和至少一个从句组成。例如:

　　He is an honest person, and everybody believes what he says.