高考英语试题中,单项选择题越来越注重对情景交流用语的考查,越发强调对交流能力的测试。本文将结合高考实例对英语情景会话的测试重点及命题方式作一分析。
情景会话用语主要考查教学大纲中所规定的常用会话套语。考查的方式以应答为主,提问为辅;以中英文化差异明显的语言交流项目为重点考查对象。命题方式有:
一、 习惯应答类
许多情景会话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见交流话题均有其较为固定的套语。感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目,我们要紧紧遵循他们的习惯进行解答。如:
- Waiter!
-________
- I can't eat this. It's too salty. (NMET 2000)
A. Yes, sir? B. What?
C. All right? D. Pardon?[A]
析:这是服务员与顾客之间的一段对话。选项A是饭店服务员应答顾客的习惯用语,故选A。
1. 常用于感谢的应答用语有:
You are welcome. Don't mention it. It is my pleasure(My pleasure). Not at all. That's all right. I'm glad / happy that... I'm glad you like/ enjoy it.等等。
[考例]- Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.
-________. (1997上海)
A. No thanks
B. I'm glad you like it
C. Please don't say so
D. No, it's not so good [B]
[考例]- It's been a wonderful evening. Thank you very much.
-________.(2002北京)
A. My pleasure
B. I'm glad to hear that
C. No, thanks
D. It's OK [A]
2. 常用于道歉的应答用语有:Never mind. It doesn't matter. Not at all. That's all right. That is nothing.等等。
[考例]- I'm sorry I broke your mirror.
-Oh, really? ________. (NMET 1996)
A. It's OK with me
B. It doesn't matter
C. Don't be sorry
D. I don't care [B]
[考例]- Sorry, I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day.
- ________. (1996上海)
A. I don't know that
B. That's all right
C. Yes, we'll have another party
D. No, the party wasn't held [B]
3. 常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有:Good luck!Best wishes to you. Have a nice time. Wish you a pleasant journey/ success. Congratulations!Happy Christmas! Happy birthday to you.等等。
而应答用语常有:Thank you. The same to you. You too. 等等。
[考例]- I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.
-________! (NMET 2002)
A. Cheers B. Good luck
C. Come on D. Congratulations
[B]
4. 接受请求和邀请的应答用语有:With pleasure. I'd be happy/ glad to. Yes, help yourself. No problem. Good idea.等。拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有:Sorry, but... I'd rather you... Thank you, but... No way.等等。
[考例]- Would you do me a favour and give me a ride?
-________. (1997上海)
A. Yes, that's right
B. No trouble
C. Never mind D. With pleasure [D]
[考例]- What about having a drink?
-________. (NMET 2000)
A. Good idea B. Help yourself
C. Go ahead , please D. Me, too [A]
[考例]- I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
-________. (NMET 1997)
A. Oh, no. Let's not
B. I'd rather stay at home
C. I'm very sorry, but I have other plans
D. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble
[C]
[考例]- I wonder if I could use your telephone.
-________. (1996上海)
A. I wonder how
B. I don't wonder
C. Sorry, it's out of order
D. No wonder, here it is [C]
[考例]- I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?
-________. (2000上海)
A. That's fine B. Nothing serious
C. Never mind D. No problem [D]
[考例]-I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.
-________. It was her fault. (NMET 2003)
A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all [A]
5.其它习惯应答用语
[考例] -Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?
-Yes. ________. (MET1992)
A. My name's Zhao Hao
B. I'm Zhao Hua
C. This is Zhao Hua speaking
D. Zhao Hua's me [C]
[考例]- Let me introduce myself, I'm Albert.
-________. (NMET1993)
A. What a pleasure
B. It's my pleasure
C. Pleased to meet you
D. I'm very pleased [C]
二、 破交流定势类
汉语和英语在文化方面有许多共同之处,但也存在着诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维,避免母语交流定势的干扰,要根据英语的文化交流习惯来应答。如,当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美时,习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话。而英美人则不同,总是先接受对方的夸奖,再表示谢意。例如:
- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.
-________. (2000上海)
A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well
B. I'm glad you enjoyed it
C. Come again when you are free
D. It's not necessary for you to say so
[B]
析:根据英语“接受恭维”的交流原则,A项很明显不正确,B为最佳答案。
[考例]- Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
-________. You look well, too.(NMET1994)
A. GREat B. Thanks
C. Oh, no D. Not at all [B]
[考例]- My daughter has passed the exam.
- Congratulations! She's really intelligent.
-________. (1999上海)
A. No, she is nothing
B. Oh, thank you
C. Sometimes she is intelligent
D. You are right [B]
三、 语言结构类
这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确的语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法居多。如说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时,可以说:Yes, I think / suppose / believe so. 或Yes, I'm afraid so. 如对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度,则说:No, I don't think / suppose so. 或No, I don't believe so. 或No, I believe/ suppose not. 或No, I hope not. 或No, I am afraid not. 又如, “Do you mind...?”常用于表达请求对方允许。如果同意,则用 “No, go ahead.”或“No, of course not.”或 “No, not at all.”等来回答;如果不同意,可用 “I'm sorry I do.”来回答。例如:
-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
- Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing. (NMET 2003)
A. him B. he C. I D. me [D]
析:D为最佳答案。此题为口语用法省略句。相当于Why do you ask me to clean the yard?
[考例]- Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
-________. (NMET1994)
A. I don't believe
B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so
D. I believe not [D]
