6.消肿法
也可称作“消元法”,即将题干部分那些不必考虑的干扰成分删除掉,排除其干扰,从而使臃肿的句子简单化,使试题的测试目标更为明确化。例如:
Wang Lin as well as his parents______ to Beijing.They are not at home.
A.have gone B.has gone C.have been D.has been
该题考查的是主谓一致问题,题干中的as well as his parents属于命题者有意设置的干扰成分,解题时,若能先删除该部分,就能迅速 选出正确答案B。类似的还有:主语后接besides,except,but,with,including,together with等介词短语时,谓语应与主语一致。
The way he thought of ______ the problem is wonderful.
A.working at B.to work at C.to work out D.working out
该题中的he thought of是省略了that(which)的定语从句,用以修饰先行词the way,该修饰成分对于答案的选择无影响,是命题者设置的干扰成分,可以予以删除,删除后,题干为:The way _____ the problem is wonderful.这样答案就更为明确,为C。
7.增元法
增元法又名“补全法”,是指将题干中隐含的部分或省略的成分补齐,在各种成分齐全的条件下,再对选项作出判断的方法。例如:
The way he thought of ______ the problem is wonderful.
A.working at B.to work at C.to work out D.working out
该题中的he thought of是省略了that或which的定语从句,用以修饰先行词the way。该题主干结构为:The way is wonderful.,从句为:He thought of a way______ the problem.think of a way to do sth.,答案为C。
8.配平法
单选题因设空而挖出了句子的某个(些)部分,从而使题干句子的成分可能残缺不全,这样我们就可以通过分析句子所缺成分,从所给的选项中选出能配平句子的选项。该方法尤其适用于疑问词的选择、从句的连接词的选用以及动词的搭配等。例如:
Is this museum ______ some German friends visited the day be-fore yesterday?
A.which B.that C.the one D.where
该题易错选A或B,但这样主句缺少表语。实质上,该题空缺的是先行词,而不是定语从句的引导词。此处,关系代词在定语从句中为动词visit的宾语,可省略,答案为C。
