Part IV综合（40％）
1．阅读理解。
Passage One
United States customs law defines an antique as an object that is more than 100 years old．It is understood，however，that an object must be more than just 100 years old in order to be called an antique．Properly，an antique must also be distinguished by some deGREe of aesthetic or historic merit．An antique is usually both beautiful and decorative．It may also have additional interest and value because of its relationship to a historical period or to some well-known person．George Washington's teapot and dining room chairs，for example，more valuable as antiques than those that belonged to most other 18th century Americans．
Antiques of all kinds are highly valued for their intrinsic beauty，craftsmanship，and quality of design．They may be made of rare materials such as gold or silver，but they may also be made of ordinary materials such as wood orpaper．Most antiques are things that were originally used as household furnishings．These include furniture，silver，glass，ceramics，rugs，embroideries，and various kinds of metalware．In museums these objects represent the decorative arts．They are studied and exhibited in ways that are different from the ways in which the fine arts（paintings，prints，and sculpture，for example）are studied and presented．
Antiques are studied by cultural and social historians，who see them as direct clues to a people's way of life．Such scholars are less concerned with the beauty of a piece than with its typicality，craftsmanship，and role in the economic and social life of its owners．Washington's teapot and dining room chairs are studied as examples of 18th century pottery and furniture making．They are also studied for their roles in daily life at Washington's home，Mount Vernon．Such material culture studies have benefited private collectors GREatly because the results have enhanced the associative or relic value of certain objects．
1．Washington's teapot is more valuable as an antique because _________．
A）it belonged to 18th century America
B）it had aesthetic and practical value
C）Washington was a famous person
D）it played a big role in Washington's life
2．In practice，which of the following is the most important feature that makes an object an antique？
A）It has to be 100 years old．
B）It has to be at least 20 years old．
C）It has to be beautiful and decorative．
D）It has to have aesthetic or historic value．
3．Which of the following is NOT true？
A）The rarer material an antique is made of，the more valuable it is．
B）Most antiques belong to the decorative arts．
C）An antique may be valuable because of its design．
D）Household furnishings are most likely to become antiques．
4．A social historian is more concerned with an antique's _________．
A）decorative value B）aesthetic value
C）intrinsic beauty
D）practical value
5．To a cultural and social scholar，Washington's teapot is valuable because _________．
A）a GREat man like Washington could afford expensive teapot
B）it is beautiful and much studied by private collectors
C）it tells people something about how Washington lived
D）it is typical of pottery making in Washington's time
Passage Two
Most of us have an image of a normal or standard English pronunciation，and very commonly in GREat Britain this is“Received Pronunciation（标准音），which is often associated with the public schools，Oxford，and the BBC．
Indeed，a pronunciation within this range has GREat prestige throughout the world，and for English taught as a foreign language it is more usually the ideal than any other pronunciation．At the same time，it must be remembered that so far as the English speaking countries are concerned，this“Received Pronunciation”approached the status of a“standard”almost only in England．Educated Scots，Irishmen，Americans， Australians，and others have their own different ideas about a standard form of English．
Even in England it is difficult to speak of a standard in pronunciation．Pronunciation is infinitely variable，so that even given the will toadopt a single pronunciation，it would be difficult to achieve．Even people who do not think of themselves as dialect speakers may pronounce the word“dance”in a dozen ways：there is no way to be sure that of any two people will say the same word with precisely the same sound．In this respect pronunciation much more closely resembles handwriting than spelling．In spelling， there are absolute distinctions which can be learnt and imitated with complete precision：one can know at once whether a word is spelt in a standard way or not．But two persons'handwriting and pronunciation may both be perfectly intelligible，yet have obvious differences without our being able to say which is“better”or more“standard”．
6．What does the passage mainly discuss？
A）English pronunciation，spelling and handwriting．
B）The status of“Received Pronunciation”in the English-speaking countries．
C）The difficulty of achieving a standard in English pronunciation．
D）The importance of achieving a standard in English pronunciation．
7．What can we learn about“Received Pronunciationfrom the passage？
A）It is sub-standard form of the English language．
B）It is an ideal form of English pronunciation in English speaking countries．
C）It is a standard form of English pronunciation among intellectuals everywhere in the world．
D）It is a standard form of English pronunciation in England．
8．In what way is pronunciation more like handwriting than spelling according to the passage？
A）They can both be learnt with complete precision．
B）They vary from individual to individual．
C）Neither of them is essential to the acquisition of the English language．
D）They can hardly be imitated．
9．It is so difficult to achieve a single standard pronunciation even in England because_________．
A）most people do not go to public schools
B）there is a lot of controversy over the pronunciation
C）no two people can be said to pronounce words in exactly the same way
D）dialect speakers do not want to change their pronunciation
10．What can be inferred from the passage？
A）There is no such thing as a single standard English in pronunciation in the English-speaking world．
B）It is necessary for people to aGREe on a single English pronunciation in order to avoid misunderstanding．
C）The American model of pronunciation is gaining higher prestige in the English-speaking countries．
D）“Received Pronunciation”will disappear soon．
2．简答题。
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling．
No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill．There are，however，vastly different ideas about how to teach it，or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability．The problem is，how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with complexities of spelling？
If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest，clearly，a bright child will be likely to“play safe”．He will tend to write only words within his spelling range，choosing to avoid adventurous language．That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability．
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience：“This work is terrible！There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible．”It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing，but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay，which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings．The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors，but if his priority had centered on the child's ideas，an express of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement．
Questions：
1．Teachers are different in their opinions about
________________________________．
2．The expression“play safein the first sentence in the second paragraph means
________________________________．
3．Why do teachers encourage the use of dictionaries？
4．How did the author feel when he read a teacher's criticism of a pupil's writing？
5．According to the author，the teacher should have ______________________．
3．把下列句子翻译成汉语。（注意分译与合译）
1）Strangely enough they were the same age to the day．
2）The people of developing countries are justifiably proud of their economic achievements．
3）Incidentally，the old man wants to receive better medical treatment in the city．
4）They，not surprisingly，did not respond at all．
5）Thank you for your advice and counsel．
6）The ceremony took place on a bright，cold，and windy day．
7）My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance．
8）A growing minority of Western intellectuals aGREed．
9）He was very naive．He believed what people told him．
10）There are men here from all over the country．Many of them are from the South．
4．写作。
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