4)When seeds drop into rubble instead of rich soil,those with vitality never despair or sigh,because they can steel themselves in resistance.种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中,有生命的种子决不会悲观和叹息,因为有了阻力才有磨练。(将instead of译为“不落在”,原因从句前后呼应,译文简洁而富有哲理。)
5)Electronic-cash cards cut the cost of handling physical currency and banks can earn a small fee from every transaction,whereas purchases with notes and coins net them nothing.电子现金卡降低了处理实在货币的费用,所以银行可以从每笔交易、转帐中赚取一小笔费用,而用纸币或硬币做交易却不能给他们带来任何利润。(译文的后半句翻译得实在而又具体,尤其是net them nothing处理得恰到好处。)
3.运用概括法避免逐词硬译
英语中还有的句子虽然其字面意义明确,但是如果硬译,使逐词对号入座,译文就显得累赘繁琐,拖泥带水。相反,如果能稍加概括,却令人感到耳目一新。
1)We honored him for what he is,not for what he has .我们尊重的是他的人格,而不是他的财富。(句中what he is和what he has分别译为“人格”与“财富”,看上去笼统,实际上更加概括精炼。)
2)For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place.煤和石油几十年以来一直被认为是交通运输的主要能源。(译文用“交通运输”概括transport men from place to place,避免一般性的冗长文字,使译文更加流畅。)
3)You mustn't go to the station to meet the foreign guests as you are.你不能就这样到车站去迎接外宾。(译文将as you are概括为“就这样”,比硬译成“像你现在的样子”,貌似抽象,实则更符合汉语习惯,更灵活。)
4)The inferior goods were sold on the basis of clever packaging and astute advertising.那些劣质商品是靠巧妙的包装和狡诈的广告卖出去的。(on the basis of意思是“以……为基础”,译成一个“靠”字,概括得简洁又传神。)
5)This has been my life,I have found it worth living,and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.这就是我的人生。我觉得它值得,若有可能,我愿欣然再度过此生。(译文分别运用概括化与具体化的翻译技巧,将文字处理得充满诗意。)
由此可见,英汉两种语言结构、词汇的内涵和外延都存在着差异,在把英语译成既充分体现英语原文含义,又符合汉语表达习惯的中文过程中,必须根据它们之间的差异,恰如其分地实行抽象与具体的转换。一词一字之差,显示出对原文内涵理解的功力,决非一蹴而就的肤浅文字。 |