阅读理解测试题型分析（5）

4推断型

推断型试题主要测试对文章中没有直接说出的隐含内容能否正确理解，考查对作者观点的理解，对修辞、语气等方面知识的掌握。它要求按原文提供的线索，超脱文字局限，获得深层次理解，即“透过现象看本质”，就原文不完全表白而又希望读者理解的含蓄内容做出合乎逻辑的判断。该类试题难度大，句子长，结构复杂，词汇量要求高，试题干扰项具有以下特点：

a．干扰项是原文内容，但不是推论或判断；

b．干扰项是推论，却与原文意思相悖；

c．干扰项符合常识，但从原文无法推知；

d．干扰项偏离主题，属主观臆断。

解答此类题时应透彻理解原文，注意根据遣词造句的特点倾向判断写作意图，根据文中的逻辑关系正确推理，排除干扰项，有根有据地选定最佳答案。答题正确率与个人素质和判断能力密切相关，解题时最好运用“选择和排除相结合”的方法，即做出选择后，把排除的三项分别对照有关细节进行验证，检验确定的选项，要避免受不良错觉干扰，防止凭主观臆断猜想，更不能想当然地回答问题。

1）逻辑推理

逻辑推理性试题的选择项内容往往不能从原文中直接找到答案，只能通过对段落词句意义的理解领会其实质。答题时，要根据字里行间的线索推断、分析、归纳、演绎，理解其隐含意思，对某些暗示线索（hints）要仔细思考，认真推敲，找出正确答案。例：

（1）Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean，and which cycle each member of the family has．

Q：Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage？

A）Unawareness of energy cycles．

B）Family monologues．

C）A change in a family member's energy cycle．

D）Attempt to control the energy cycle of other family members．

答案：A）

（2）If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day，rise before your usual hour．

Q：If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning，he should __________．

A）change his energy cycle B）overcome his laziness

C）get up earlier than usual D）go to bed earlier

答案：C）

（3）Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm．The effective work of maintaining disciplines usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities．Any student who is thought to have broken the rules，for example，by cheating，has to appear before a student court．

Q：The student organizations seem to be effective in ．

A）dealing with the academic affairs of the university

B）ensuring that the students observe university regulations

C）evaluating students'performance by bringing them before a court

D）keeping up the students'enthusiasm for social activities

答案：B）

（4）University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering．Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving；historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance．M any worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter．

Q：This textbook lays stress on _________．

A）the expiration of physical principles

B）the principles of physics and their application

C）the development of physics

D）the application of physics in different fields

答案：B）

（5）In this new edition，the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions．We have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable，while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness．

Q：Compared with the old one，this new edition _________．

A）has been made more applicable

B）is easier to learn

C）covers a wider range of subject matter

D）has improved the balance between theory and practice

答案：A）

（6）The text is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines．The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course of two or three semesters in length．For a less intensive course，many instructions will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs．The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility．

Q：One of the features of this textbook is that _________．

A）some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy

B）it has an outline for each chapter

C）it introduces the physical principles in GREat depth

D）it can be used for different course arrangements

答案：D）