定语从句在复合句中起定语作用,修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,必须放在定语从句之前。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。
定语从句分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
(一)关系代词的用法
1.who指人,是主格,在从句中做主语。whom指人,是宾格,在从句中做宾语。whose指人或指物,是所有格,在从句中做定语。
I shall never forget the teachers who taught me English in middle school.我将永远不会忘记中学时教我英语的那些老师们。(做主语)
The boy (whom)I talked with is my old classmate.刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我的老同学。(做宾语)
Those students whose homework hadn't been handed in were punished.那些没交作业的学生受到了惩罚。(做定语)
2.which指物,在从句中做主语或宾语。
The Gulf War which lasted three months came to an end.持续了3个月的海湾战争结束了。(做主语)
The assistant showed me the book which I wanted to buy.服务员把我想买的那本书递给我。(做宾语)
3.that多用来指物,有时也指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。指物时用法与which基本相同。
This is the shop that sells school things.这是那个卖学习用品的商店。(做主语)
Is that the factory that we visited last week?那是你们上周参观的工厂吗?(that做从句中的宾语,可省略)
Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那里的人是谁?(相当于who,做主语)
4.that和which的用法区别
两词在指物时用法基本相同,但在下列情况下要用that,不能用which。
①先行词是不定代词everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much等时。
Is there anything that I can help you?有什么需要我帮忙的事吗?
That's all that I know about it.这事我知道的就是这些。
②先行词被序数词或最高级形容词所修饰时。
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制定出一个计划。
This is one of the best books that I have ever bought.这是我所买过的书中最好的一本。
③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。
That foreign song is the only one (that)I really like.这是我真正喜欢的唯一一首外国歌曲。
定语从句主要由关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that和关系副词when,where,why所引导。它们在意义上代表先行词,同时在定语从句中担任某种成分,但没有疑问的意义。
定语从句分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。
(一)关系代词的用法
1.who指人,是主格,在从句中做主语。whom指人,是宾格,在从句中做宾语。whose指人或指物,是所有格,在从句中做定语。
I shall never forget the teachers who taught me English in middle school.我将永远不会忘记中学时教我英语的那些老师们。(做主语)
The boy (whom)I talked with is my old classmate.刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我的老同学。(做宾语)
Those students whose homework hadn't been handed in were punished.那些没交作业的学生受到了惩罚。(做定语)
2.which指物,在从句中做主语或宾语。
The Gulf War which lasted three months came to an end.持续了3个月的海湾战争结束了。(做主语)
The assistant showed me the book which I wanted to buy.服务员把我想买的那本书递给我。(做宾语)
3.that多用来指物,有时也指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。指物时用法与which基本相同。
This is the shop that sells school things.这是那个卖学习用品的商店。(做主语)
Is that the factory that we visited last week?那是你们上周参观的工厂吗?(that做从句中的宾语,可省略)
Who is the man that is standing over there?站在那里的人是谁?(相当于who,做主语)
4.that和which的用法区别
两词在指物时用法基本相同,但在下列情况下要用that,不能用which。
①先行词是不定代词everything,nothing,something,anything,all,little,much等时。
Is there anything that I can help you?有什么需要我帮忙的事吗?
That's all that I know about it.这事我知道的就是这些。
②先行词被序数词或最高级形容词所修饰时。
The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.我们应该做的第一件事是制定出一个计划。
This is one of the best books that I have ever bought.这是我所买过的书中最好的一本。
③先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。
That foreign song is the only one (that)I really like.这是我真正喜欢的唯一一首外国歌曲。
