26.“have a problem with sth.”和“There is something wrong with sth.”都可表示“某物出了什么问题”。只不过前者的主语应当是人,后者有时可用来指人。如:
We have a problem with this computer.(=There is something wrong with our computer.)我们的这台电脑有点问题。
27.“There's no time to do sth.”意为“没有时间去做某事”,而“There's time to do sth.”意为“有时间做某事”。如:
There is no time to think.没有时间考虑了。
There is much time to catch the train.有足够的时间去赶火车。
28.Help yourself to...随便吃点……。如:
“Help yourself to...”是餐桌上的常用礼貌用语,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词,不接动词不定式。如:
Help yourself to some fish.请随便吃点鱼吧。
29.hope的常用的句型是①后接that从句,that可省略;②后接不定式。如果that从句的主语与主句主语一致,两种结构可互换而意思不变,否则不能互换。如:
I hope(that)he can come to supper.我希望他能来吃晚饭。
She hopes to see you soon.(=She hopes she can see you soon.)她希望不久能见到你。
They hope(that)they can come to China some day.(=They hope to come to China some day.)他们希望有一天能到中国来。
30.一般情况下,当我们为正在做或将要做的事表示歉意时,用“be sorry to do sth.”结构;当我们为做了某事而道歉时,用“be sorry that...”或“be sorry for doing sth.”结构。如:
I'm sorry to say I can't help you.很遗憾,我帮不了你。
I'm sorry for being late.对不起,我迟到了。
I'm sorry for breaking your cup.(=I'm sorry that I broke your cup.)对不起,我打破了你的杯子。
31.“say goodbye to sb.”意为“向某人告别/辞行”。
类似的结构:
say hello to sb.向某人问好/打招呼
say yes to赞同/同意
say no to反对
32.“What's the weather like?(=How is the weather?)”常用来提问天气。“What's...like?”可用于提问人的性质、外貌和特征,也可用于提问对方对事物的看法。如:
—What's the film like?这部电影如何?
—It's very interesting.非常有趣。
—What's your brother like?你哥哥是怎么样一个人?
—He is very nice他非常好。
33.“so+助动词(be动词或情态动词)+主语”这一结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意为“某人(物)也一样”。该结构中的助动词(be动词或情态动词)必须与前句的谓语动词以及后句的主语的人称和数保持一致,时态和前句保持一致。如:
Mary likes Chinese.So does Tom.
=Mary likes Chinese.Tom likes Chinese,too.
=Both Mary and Tom like Chinese.
=Mary and Tom both like Chinese.
玛丽喜欢汉语,汤姆也喜欢汉语。
34.在动词think,hope,believe,be afraid等后可以用so来代替后者避免重复前者所说过的话。如:
—Do you think Mr Li will come this afternoon?你认为李先生下午会来吗?
—I think /hope /believe so.我想/希望/相信他会来。
—Are we late?我们来迟了吗?
—I'm afraid so.恐怕是。
在否定句中,think,believe可以有以下两种形式①I don't think / believe so.②I think /believe not,而hope和be afraid只能采用第二种形式。如:
—Do you think the bus will arrive here on time?你认为公共汽车会准时来吗?
—I don't think so /I think not.我想不会。
—Do you think we'll have bad weather?你认为我们会碰上坏天气吗?
—I hope not.(不说I don't hope so.)我希望不会。
—Are we on time?我们会准时吗?
—I'm afraid not.(不说I'm not afraid so.)恐怕不行。
35.在动词think,find,feel等之后如果要接不定式作宾语,而宾语又带有一个形容词或名词作宾语补足语时,常用it用形式宾语,而将不定式放在补足语之后。即“find /feel /think +it(形式宾语)+形容词或名词(补足语)+不定式(真正宾语)”句型。如:
I feel it my duty to help you.我觉得帮助你是我的职责。
I found it difficult to study maths.我觉得数学难学。