英语中的倒装句、强调句及it的句型等,常被称作英语中结构较复杂的句式。我们在实际的英语交流过程中经常使用强调,强调就需倒装、需要使用it等特殊句型。
(一)倒装的基本用法
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫部分倒装。倒装结构通常用于下列场合:
1.完全倒装
1)用there be句型。例如:There are many students in the classroom.
2)用于"here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语"的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:
Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn.
Out rushed the boys. Then followed three days of heavy rain.
注:代词作主语时,只把该副词提前,主谓语序不变。例如: Here it is. In he comes.
3)当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常引起全部倒装。如:
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
4)表语置于句首时,倒装结构为"表语+连系动词+主语"。
①形容词+连系动词+主语。例如:
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
②过去分词+连系动词+主语。例如:
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
③介词短语+be+主语。例如:Among the goods are Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.
5)用于so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如:
He has been to Beijing.So have I.
Li Wei can't answer the question.Neither can I.
The first one isn't good.Nor is the second.
6)为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或为了使上下文紧密衔接时。例如:
They arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
