一、反意疑问句的各种附加问句。
附加疑问句是简单句中的学习难点:
1.陈述句部分有ought to,used to时,附加问句可用oughtn't或shouldn't和didn't或 usedn't两种形式。如:
You ought to know about it,oughtn't you/ shouldn't you?
You used to live in Paris,didn't /usedn't you?
2.陈述句部分有must表示推测时,其附加问句表示对现实情况推测用be,对过去推测用didn't(有过去时间状语),或didn't, haven't /hasn't均可(没过去时间状语)。如:
They must be from Canada,aren't they?
She must have stayed with Barbara last night,didn't she?
You must have met her,didn't /haven't you?
3.陈述句主语为everyone,everybody, someone,somebody,nobody,no one时,附加问句代词一般用they,但也可用he。如:
Everyone is here,aren't they /isn'the?
陈述句主语为everything,something, nothing时,附加问句代词用it。如:
Nothing can stop us,can it?
4.陈述句为I think /suppose /expect /be- lieve /guess /imagine +宾语从句时,附加问句主语与从句主语一致。如:
I don't think you are right,are you?
I don't believe you've met my wife,have you?
I think you'll be angry with me,won't you?
若陈述句主语是第二、三人称,附加问句则与主句主语一致。如:
They don't think I am right,do they?
5.陈述句为第二人称祈使句,附加问句常用will you,但也有用won't you表示提醒对方注意。如:
Come here,will you?
Fetch me a chair,won't you?
—Alice,you feed the bird today,will you?
—But I fed it yesterday.
6.陈述句为Let's...时,附加问句用 shall we。如:
Let's give him a hand,shall we?
二、简单句中的否定形式。
1完全否定:用no(与名词连用),not或 never(与动词连用),none,nobody,nothing, nowhere,neither等词,否定主语、宾语、谓语或状语等其它成分。如:
He made no mistakes in the exercises.
I am not a fool.
Neither sentence is correct.
2.基本否定:用hardly,seldom,little,few等含否定意义的词,修饰动词或名词,否定谓语或主、宾语。如:
The old woman can hardly read.
There is little or no hope.
3.部分否定:用all /both /everyone /
everybody /everything +not...或Not all / both /everyone /everybody /everything...的句式。如:
Not all the ants go out for food.
Not every person can be a talent(天才).
4.没有否定词的too...to...句式表示否定。如:
It's too dangerous to cross.
I went too late to see him.
5.双重否定句:一个句子出现两种否定形式,这种双重否定结构是一种强调手段。句子形式为否定之否定,但实际效果是加强肯定。如:
I can't disobey her.我不得不服从她。
No one has nothing to offer to society.每个人都可向社会做出一点奉献。
6.句中虽有带否定前缀的词,但却不视为否定句,其反意疑问句的附加问句用否定形式。如:
You are unwelcome,aren't you?
The girl was much disappointed at failing to win the prize,wasn't she?
7.否定疑问句表示惊异、责难、赞叹、建议等。如:
Didn't you have a good time at the ball?(惊异)
Isn't it a lovely day?(赞叹)
Won't you come in and have a cup of tea?(建议)
Why are you so late?Didn't I tell you to come early?(责难)