Commonly Used Terms (Update 1)
debt-to-equity swap
债转股
the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
港元的联系汇率制
bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
坏帐、呆帐、死帐
anti-dumping measures against ……
反倾销措施
deflation
通货紧缩
inflation
通货膨胀
quota-free products
非配额产品
investment in non-productive projects
非生产性投资
risk management/ assessment
风险管理/评估
venture capital
风险基金
loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
风险准备金
revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
搞活国有大中型企业
scale economy/ economies of scale
规模经济
state-owned cooperatives
国合企业（即国有合作社）
balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支
disequilibrium of balance of payment
国际收支不平衡
public subsidies
国家补贴
state foreign exchange reserves
国家现汇结存
guide rational consumption
合理引导消费
seasonal price adjustments
季节性调价
established/accomplished facts
既成事实
scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development
技工贸结合的科技型企业
labor-intensive enterprises
劳动密集性企业
unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费
millennium bug
千年问题、千年虫
technological updating of enterprises
企业技术改造
subsidies to cover enterprise losses
企业亏损补贴
grant the national treatment to
实行国民待遇
pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development
平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针
“bottleneck”restrictions
瓶颈制约
Trade Sanction
贸易制裁
Trade Reciprocity
贸易互惠
Multilateral Environmental AGREement
多边环境协议
Harmonization of Standards
标准统一
Investment Regime
投资管理体制
Action Plan
行动计划
Financial and Budgetary Provisions
财政及预算拨款
Efficient Allocation of Resources
资源有效配置
Financial Instrument
金融工具
Spin-off
脱离母公司的公司
Start-up
新成立的企业
Industry Consolidation
产业联合
Management Buyout
买断产权或管理权
Return on Investment
投资回报
Labor-intensive
劳动力密集型
Emerging Markets
新兴市场
Chain of Command
控制链
Quality Initiative
质量改进努力
Publicly Traded Companies
公开上市交易的公司
Tax Refund
出口退税
