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肌肉的功用: 1) 做出动作(produce movements) 2)保持姿势(maintain posture) 3)稳定关节(stabilize joint) 4)产生热量(generate heat) 肌肉命名的原则: 根据部位(Location):肱肌(brachialis) 根据形状(Shape):三角肌(deltoid);斜方肌(trapezius) 根据大小(Size):大(maxiumus);中(medius);小(minimus);长(logus); 短(brevis);臀大/中/小肌(gluteus maximus/medius/minimus);腓骨长/短肌(peroneus longus/ brevis) 根据方向(Direction):rectus 直;transverse 横; oblique 斜;rectus abdominis 腹直肌;transversus abdominis 腹横肌;external oblique 腹外斜肌; 根据附着(Attachment):brachioradialis 肱桡肌; 根据本原数目(number of origin): biceps 二头肌;triceps 三头肌;biceps femoris 股二头肌;triceps brachii 肱三头肌; 根据动作(Action):flexor 屈;extensor 伸;adductor 内收;abductor 外展了;levator 提; sphincter 括约; 胸部前后的肌肉:scapular movement (移动肩胛骨) 肌肉作用: pectoralis minor 胸小肌:draws scapular trapezius 斜方肌:stabilize, retracts and raises scapula。 levator scapulae 提肩胛肌:elevates and adducts scapula。 Rhomboids 菱形肌:retracts scapula。 肩关节周围的肌肉:arm movement (移动上臂) 肌肉作用: pectoralis major 胸大肌 prime mover of arm flexion latissimus dorsi 阔背肌 prime mover of arm extension deltoid 三角肌 prime mover of arm abduction subscapularis 肩胛下肌 medial rotator of humerus(rotator cuff) supraspinatus 棘上肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff) infraspinatus 棘下肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff) teres minor 小圆肌 stabilize shoulder joint(rotator cuff) teres major 大圆肌 extends and medial rotator of humerus coracobrachialis 喙肱肌 flexion and adduction of humerus 前臂肌肉:flex & extend forearm (屈曲及伸展前臂) 肌肉作用: biceps brachii 肱二头肌 flexes of elbow joint brachialis 肱肌 flexes of elbow joint brachioradialis 肱桡肌 synergist in forearm flexion triceps brachii 肱三头肌 prime mover of forearm extension anconeus 肘肌 synergist of triceps brachii 大腿和臀部肌肉(muscles of buttock & thigh) 肌肉作用: quadriceps femoris 股四头肌 extends knee and flexes thigh gluteus maximus 臀大肌 abducts and extends thigh gluteus medius 臀中肌 steadies pelvis gluteus minimus 臀小肌 steadies pelvis biceps femoris 股二头肌 extends thigh and flexes knee |
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