1、abandon [ ]
vt.
① 丢弃;抛弃,遗弃
The crew abandoned the burning ship.
水手们离弃了燃烧中的船。
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side.
人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。
abandon one's idea
放弃自己的想法
He abandoned his wife and child.
他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
② 放弃,中止
He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.
他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。
③(与oneself连用)使放纵;使听任[(+to)]
She abandoned herself to despair.
她陷入绝望之中。
They abandon themselves to drinking
他们沉湎于饮酒
Do not abandon yourself to despair
不要悲观失望。
n.
① 放纵,放任 放肆; 尽情; 任意
The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon
那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。
② 狂放
【继承用法】
abandonable adj.
abandoner n. 放弃者;【律】遗弃者
abandoned adj 被放弃的 被遗弃的 无约束的 狂放的
abandonment n 放弃 放纵
【习惯用语】
abandon oneself to 沉缅于, 陷入
【辨析】
abandon
desert
forsake
quit
都含有“放弃”、“遗弃”的意思。
①abandon 强调“完全、永远地遗弃”, 尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物, 如:
She abandoned her child. 她遗弃了她的孩子
②desert 强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”, 如:
The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.. 那个士兵叛国助敌
a deserted village空无一人的村庄
a deserted street at night夜里无人的大街
the deserted wife and children被遗弃的妻子儿女
As he hated army life, he decide to deserthis regiment.
因为他嫌恶军队生活，所以他决心背弃自己所在的那个团。
③forsake 指“遗弃某人以前所爱的人或物”, 强调“断绝情感上的依恋”, 如:
She pleaded with her husband not to forsake her
她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。
to forsake one's former belief
放弃过去的信仰
to forsake one's old friend
背离老朋友
He was forsaken smoking for years. 他戒烟已有多年了。
④quit 强调“突然或不意地弃去”, 常指“停止”, 如:
She quitted her job.. 她放弃了自己的工作。
2、abide [ ]
vi.
①住，居住，逗留(at, in)
abide at Dalian住在大连
abide in one's house住在自己家里
abide with one's mother和母亲同住
Abide with me. 和我住在一起吧。
He abided here for a month. 他在这儿住了一个月。
②继续，持续， 保持某种状态
abide in sin怙恶不悛
abide in somebody's love
继续得到某人的爱
vt.
①忍受,容忍(常用于否定句和疑问句)
I can not abide him. 我对他忍无可忍。
I cannot abide the loud noise anymore.
我再也无法忍受这么大的噪音。
②顶住
She resolved to abide the pressure her superiors put on her.
她决心顶住上司们向她施加的压力。
③等候
abide one's time等待时机
④遵守；服从
Please feel assured that we will abide by our promise
请放心我们一定遵守诺言。
【继承用法】
abider n.
abidance n. 遵守 持续 居住（in）
abiding adj 持久不变的 永久的
【习惯用语】
abide by... 遵守(法律、契约、诺言等); 坚持原来的意见等; 信守(原则、诺言等)
承担(后果等); 忍受(不愉快的事)
abide by the law 守法
he abide by what he said. 他讲的话是算数的。
3、abnormal [ ]
adj
①反常的 不正常的 不规则的
It is abnormal for a man to walk in his sleep.
梦游是不正常的。
That is simply abnormal.
那简直是反常的。
We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long.
我们认为这样的反常现象不会持续很久。
②异乎寻常的,例外的
An abnormal amount of snow fell here last week.
上周这里下了异常大的雪。
③变态的;畸形的
It is important to make a study of abnormal psychology.
研究变态心理学是重要的。
【继承用法】
abnormality n 反常 变态 畸形
4、abolish [ ]
vt.
① 废除,废止
Bad customs and laws ought to be abolished.
不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。
abolish slavery废除奴隶制
② 彻底破坏
A fog abolished the landscape.
大雾把山水景色笼罩了个严实。
【参考词汇】
abolish
annul
extinguish
都含“废除”或“取消”的意思。
①abolish 指“消除长期存在的风俗、习惯”等, 如:
These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible
这些迷信做法应尽早取消
②annul 指“通过权势取消”、“宣告(法律、契约等)无效”, 如:
The judge annulled the contract because one of the signers was too young.
annul 指“通过权势取消”、“宣告(法律、契约等)无效”, 如:
The judge annulled the contract because one of the signers was too young.
由于签署人中有一位年纪太轻, 法官宣告合同无效
③extinguish 指“用压服性的武力等手段使之毁灭”, 如:
You may extinguish a nation, but not the love of liberty.
你可以消灭一个国家, 但不能消灭对自由的热爱
【继承用法】
abolition (法律、习俗、死刑等的)废除 废止 消灭
abolition of law 消灭战争
abolitionism 废除主义 废奴主义
abolitionist 废除主义者 主张废除死刑者 废奴主义者
5、abrupt [ ]
adj.
① 突然的;意外的
The abrupt change of schedule gave me lots of trouble.
行程突然改变给我造成许多麻烦。
Buyers have withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.
由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主已退出市场。
an abrupt stop突然停止
② (态度等)唐突的,鲁莽的
She was offended by his abrupt manner.
他的粗率无礼的举止触怒了她。
abrupt entrance闯进
③陡峭的,险峻的
She did not dare to bike down the abrupt slope.
她不敢骑着自行车冲下陡峭的斜坡。
④ (文章风格等)不连贯的
【继承用法】
abruption 突然的断裂
6、absolute [ ]
adj
①纯粹的;完全的
His story was an absolute lie.
他的所述是十足的谎言
have absolute trust in sb
无保留的相信某人
absolute alcohol
纯酒精, 无水酒精
absolute independence
完全独立
②绝对的
There's no absolute standard for it.
它没有绝对的标准
absolute truth
绝对真理
absolute zero绝对零度
③专制的
An absolute ruler can do just as he please.
一个专制的统治者可以为所欲为。
absolute power
无限的权力
absolute ruler
专制的统治
④不容置疑的
The police have absolute proof of his guilt.
警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。
It is an absolute fact.
这是一个无疑的事实。
⑤ 【语】独立的
absolute construction
独立结构
⑥确实的,有决定性的,十足的[B]
without absolute proof of one's guilt
无确实犯罪证据
⑦无条件的
absolute liberty
无限自由
⑧基本的
absolute knowledge 基本的知识
n.
①绝对事物
②【哲】绝对[the S]
【继承用法】
absolution 宣布赦罪 解罪
grant sb absolution 赦免某人的罪
pronounce absolution 宣读赦罪文
give absolution to sb赦免某人的罪
absoluteness
绝对, 完全, 专制
absolutism 专制主义
absolutevalue
【数】绝对值
absolutely adv
①绝对地,完全地
It's absolutely no business of hers.
这件事与她毫不相关。
②【口】(用于对答)一点不错,完全对
【习惯用语】
by absolute necessity
万不得已
absolute majority 绝对多数 超过半数
the A-
【哲】绝对
【宗】上帝, 神
7、absorb [ ]
vt.
① 吸收(液体,气体,光,声等)
Cotton gloves absorb sweat.
absorb moisture from the air
从空中吸收水分
棉手套吸汗。
②汲取,理解(知识等)
So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once.
这么多好主意!太多了,很难一下完全吸收。
③使全神贯注;吸引(注意等)[H][(+in/by)]
The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.
老人全神贯注地读这本书。
④合并(公司等);吞并[(+into)]
Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.
小公司被大公司吞并了。
The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.
⑤承受;经受
She won't be able to absorb another heavy blow.
她无力承受再一次沉重的打击。
⑥承担(费用等)
⑦占用时间
This job absorbs all of my time.
这件工作占用了我的全部时间。
⑧减轻（冲击、困难等的）作用、影响
Buffers absorbed most of the shock.
【继承用法】
absorbability n
被吸收性
Absorption [absorption (by/in sth) 全神贯注 专心 吸收
His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport.
absorbable adj
易被吸收的
absorbing adj.
十分吸引人的
an absorbing film
absorbed adj
精神集中的
absorbed in her book
埋头读书
absorbent 能吸收水分的物质
【习惯用语】
be absorbed by
被...吞并, 为...所吸收
be absorbed in
全神贯注在..., 一心从事, 热衷于
absorb sb.'s attention
吸引某人注意
【参考词汇】
absorb
assimilate
在比喻用法中意思都含“吸收”、“吞并”的意思
①absorb 指“使被吸收者已失去其特点, 或使其特点不复存在”, 如:
Large nations shouldn't absorb smaller ones.
大国不应当吞并小国。
②assimilate 除含 absorb 意思外, 还指“将被吸收者变成了吸收者的一部分”, 如:
We should critically assimilate whatever is beneficial in literature and arts from other countries.
我们应当批判地吸收别国文学艺术中一切有益的东西
8、abstract [ ]
a.
①抽象的
Some people say beauty itself is abstract. Do you aGREe?
有些人认为美本身是抽象的。你同意吗?
② 难懂的,深奥的
You explain things in a way that is too abstract for me.
你如此解释事物对我来说太深奥了。
③ 纯理论的,非实际的
Your reasoning seems very abstract.
你的推理似乎很抽象。
④(艺术上的)抽象派的[Z]
Modern art is often rather abstract.
现代艺术往往相当抽象。
n.[C]
① 摘要,梗概
Harper made an abstract of Prof. Hunter's lecture.
哈珀将亨特教授的讲座做了摘要。
②抽象派艺术作品
③ 抽象概念
④【化】萃取物
abstract
KK: [ ]
DJ: [ ]
vt.
① 使抽象化;抽取,提取
In the end he abstracted the most important points from his long speech.
最后他从自己的长篇演说中提取出最重要的几点。
Abstract metal from ore
② 做...的摘要(或梗概)
The author abstracted his book.
作者为他的书写了内容提要。
③【婉】偷走
④使退出,使撤离
vi.
① 做摘要,写梗概[(+from)]
【继承用法】
In the abstract
抽象的 理论上的
abstracted
心不在焉的 走神的
Abstract
文摘
abstract thinking
抽象思维
abstract science
理论科学
abstract labour
抽象劳动
9、absurd [ ]
a.
① 不合理的,荒谬的;可笑的,愚蠢的
It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.
在这么恶劣的天气里出去太荒唐。
His idea is absurd.
他的想法是愚蠢可笑的。
an absurd opinion
谬见
Don't be absurd!
不要胡闹!
Their request is absurd.
10、abuse [ ]
vt.
① 滥用,妄用
He abused his power while in office.
他在职时滥用权力。
abuse one's privilege
滥用特权
② 辱骂;毁谤
You are always abusing and offending people.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
abuse a friend
辱骂朋友
abuse oneself
犯手淫
I'll not abuse your hospitality, your kindness.
我不会辜负你的热情招待和好意。
a word of abuse
骂人话
③虐待,伤害[H]
Those captives were physically abused.
那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残。
abuse
KK: [ ]
DJ: [ ]
n.
①滥用,妄用[C][U]
There is no freedom that is not open to abuse.
任何自由都可能被滥用。
②辱骂[U]
She GREeted me with a stream of abuse.
她一见我就吐出一连串的污言秽语。
③虐待;伤害[U]
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。.
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④弊病;陋习[C]
The force of public opinion can help check abuses in modern politics.
舆论的力量可以帮助制止现代政治中的弊端。
reform social abuses
改革社会恶习
a crying abuse
急应革除的恶习或弊病
